Used Sources

Harnessing the Data Advantage in Construction, Europe, March 2021. Survey of 1,115 construction professionals across 11 European countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany.

• Official report: https://construction.autodesk.com/resources/guides/harnessing-data-advantage-in-construction/
• Press release (Autodesk investor relations): https://investors.autodesk.com/news-releases/news-release-details/study-autodesk-and-fmi-finds-better-data-strategies-could-save/
• Blog post (Autodesk Digital Builder): https://www.autodesk.com/blogs/construction/autodesk-fmi-study-global-construction-industry-data-strategies/
• Adopting a Data Strategy: https://constructionblog.autodesk.com/adopting-construction-data-strategy-europe/
• 100+ Construction Industry Statistics: https://www.autodesk.com/blogs/construction/construction-industry-statistics/

The Financial Impact of Bad Data" (2016). Estimated bad data costs the US economy $3.1 trillion annually, representing 16.5% of GDP. Ratio applied to 2020 global GDP by FMI / Autodesk.

• The Impact of Poor Data Quality: https://agiledata.org/essays/impact-of-poor-data-quality.html

Research on direct rework costs as a percentage of total project cost, estimated at 5–10% across project types.

• Navigant Construction Forum paper (via CMAA, PDF): https://www.cmaanet.org/sites/default/files/resource/Impact%20of%20Rework%20on%20Construction.pdf

Global construction waste projected to reach 2.2 billion tons by 2025.

• Website: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/

Reinventing Construction: A Route to Higher Productivity", February 2017. Analysis of 41 countries covering 96% of global GDP. Covers productivity gaps, failure costs, and time lost to data management.

• Main article: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/reinventing-construction-through-a-productivity-revolution
• Executive summary (PDF): https://www.mckinsey.com/.../mgi-reinventing-construction-executive-summary.pdf

Global construction rework cost estimated at 5% of total construction spend in 2020, totalling $625 billion globally. Used as base for rework calculations.

• Navigant Construction Forum paper (via CMAA, PDF): https://www.cmaanet.org/sites/default/files/resource/Impact%20of%20Rework%20on%20Construction.pdf

Global Construction Survey. Identifies poor data and information management as a top-3 cause of project cost and schedule overruns.

• Overview: https://kpmg.com/xx/en/our-insights/operations/2023-global-construction-survey.html
• 2021 edition (PDF): https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/ie/pdf/2021/09/ie-global-construction-survey-2.pdf
• 2015 edition (PDF): https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/05/construction-survey-201502.pdf

Construction sector share of global GDP estimated at 13.2% in 2020, used as basis for sector-specific cost extrapolation.

• World bank: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.TOTL.ZS